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第217号 へブル人への手紙10:1-22:

旧約の儀式に反映されている神が人に要求される 礼拝の基本的原則


律法には、後に来るすばらしいものの影はあっても、その実物はないのですから、律法は、年ごとに絶えずささげられる同じいけにえによって神に近づいて来る人々を、完全にすることができないのです……雄牛とやぎの血は、罪を除くことができません。ですから、キリストは、この世界に来て、こう言われるのです。「あなたは、いけにえやささげ物を望まないで、わたしのために、からだを造ってくださいました。あなたは全焼のいけにえと罪のためのいけにえとで満足されませんでした。そこでわたしは言いました。『さあ、わたしは来ました。聖書のある巻に、わたしについてしるされているとおり、神よ、あなたのみこころを行うために。』」
……すべて祭司は毎日立って礼拝の務めをなし、同じいけにえをくり返しささげますが、それらは決して
罪を除き去ることができません。しかし、キリストは、罪のために一つの永遠のいけにえをささげて後、神の右の座に着き、それからは、その敵がご自分の足台となるのを待っておられるのです。キリストは聖なるものとされる人々を、一つのささげ物によって、永遠に全うされたのです……これらのことが赦されるところでは、罪のためのささげ物はもはや無用です。
こういうわけですから、兄弟たち、私たちは、イエスの血によって、大胆にまことの聖所に入ることができるのです。イエスはご自分の肉体という垂れ幕を通して、私たちのためにこの新しい生ける道を設けてくださったのです……私たちは、心に血の注ぎを受け入れて邪悪な良心をきよめられ、からだをきよい水で洗われたのですから、全き信仰をもって、真心から神に近づこうではありませんか。  
ヘブル人への手紙10:1-22
 
  ヘブル語(旧約)聖書には、エルサレム神殿に関して五十二章以上ものスペースが割かれています。ソロモンによってエルサレムに最初に建てられた神殿には、神の永久のご臨在の場として「神の契約の箱」が内堂(至聖所)に安置されました。モーセの時代、可動式の幕屋に置かれた「神の箱」には、神が命じられるときいつでも即座に移動できるように、祭司たちが肩に担ぐための担ぎ棒が箱に取りつけられたままになっていましたが、神殿が建設されたことによって、神を礼拝する場所は「神の箱」はじめ、重要な神殿調度品、聖具の置かれているエルサレム神殿だけと定められたのでした。イスラエルの王国時代、このエルサレム神殿での盛大な儀式は、イスラエルが中東の近隣諸国とは全く異なった、唯一真の神ヤーウェを王とする神権国家であること、また、神の代理人である人間王はじめ民が神の掟を遵守、実践する国家であることを諸国民に証しする重大な役割も担っていました。ソロモンの神殿と呼ばれるエルサレム第一神殿は、人の考案によって築かれたものではなく、神がダビデに神殿構造や設置調度品、礼拝次第の詳細を示されて、息子ソロモンが完成した比類のない建造物でした。この神殿の間取り図や調度品、聖具の特徴と、人の内部構造や人の中に形作られるべきイエス・キリストの本質、心には密接な相関関係が見られますが、このことは、天地万物、全創造の造り主、考案者が一人の神であるとの聖書の主張から裏づけられることです。

たとえば預言者イザヤは、「主の霊…知恵と悟りの霊…はかりごとと能力の霊、主を知る知識と主を恐れる霊」(イザヤ書11:2、下線部はNIVでは「助言と力の霊」)と、メシヤの本質を七つの霊で表わしましたが、ソロモンの神殿の入り口の柱廊式玄関の外に立っていた二本の柱の名は「ヤキン」と「ボアズ」で、その意味はまさに「ヤーウェの助言」と「ヤーウェの強さ(力)」でした。神殿そのものに反映されているヤーウェの本質を代表するかのような二本の柱を過ぎると、神殿の内部はその他のメシヤの本質、―主(神性)、知恵、悟り、知識、畏敬― に満ちています。言い換えれば、人を通してさまざまな働きをされる神の霊をすべて(「七」に象徴)所有しておられるメシヤには、人のあるべき姿、理想的な人間像が具現されています。パウロはこのことを、聖なる神の神殿をキリスト者の身体になぞらえて、あなたがたは神の神殿であり、神の御霊があなたがたに宿っておられることを知らないのですか…神の神殿は聖なるものだからです。あなたがたがその神殿です」(コリント人第一3:16)と表現し、信徒は聖なる御霊に属する生き方をすべきであると奨励しました。パウロはまた私たち力のある者は、力のない人たちの弱さを になうべきです……私たちはひとりひとり、隣人を喜ばせ、その徳を高め、その人の益となるようにすべきです……昔書かれたものは、すべて私たちを教えるために書かれたのです。それは、聖書の与える忍耐と励ましによって、希望を持たせるためなのです……それは、あなたがたが、心を一つにし、声を合わせて、私たちの主イエス・キリストの父なる神をほめたたえるためです」(ローマ人15:1-6)とも教え、ヘブル語聖書を含め全聖書には、人が神の道、―他人の重荷を負い、自分ではなく他人の益となる生き方― を理解するために必要なことがすべて書かれていることを、神をほめたたえ礼拝することへの指示として、語っています。神は、ご自分の道を後世の読者が理解するのを助けるために、ヘブル語聖書に、神殿の荘厳な外観、調度品、聖具、間取り図の詳細はじめ多くの視覚的描写、図解を残されたのでした。確かに、へブル人たちがモーセの掟に従って、どのように礼拝したかを知ることによって、神ご自身が望まれる礼拝形式を学ぶことができ、今日の新約の時代の礼拝に応用できるようです。

モーセ五書の幕屋建設の記録、列王記や歴代誌の神殿描写、モーセの掟、イスラエルの伝統を参照すると、へブル人の礼拝形式を描写することができます(『一人で学べる出エジプト記』25~40章、補注26、27、28参照)。まずレビ人が神殿の外庭の門を開くと、礼拝するためにやってきた人々は歌を歌い、主を賛美しながら、外庭に入ってきます。神にいけにえを捧げる儀式を伴う礼拝の始まりです。祭司は内庭に入り、直ちに青銅の祭壇のところに行き、両手両足を洗います。モーセの時代の幕屋の庭とは違い、ソロモンの神殿の内庭には十の洗盤が置かれていました。手足を聖めた後、祭司は神殿の東側に置かれた青銅の祭壇で自分を含め人々の罪を聖めるために、モーセの掟に則っていけにえの動物を捧げます。その後、祭司は、鋳物の海」と呼ばれた、直径4.5m、高さ2.25mもある大きな水ために全身つかり、身体を洗い聖めます。その後、本堂(聖所)に戻り、衣服を着替えた祭司は手のひらに香を取ります。本堂と内堂との間には「金の祭壇、―幕屋では「香壇」と呼ばれた― が置かれていましたが、そこで祭司は手の中の香を燃える炭の上にふりかけ、煙が立ち上る中、履き物を脱ぎ平身低頭で主を礼拝したのでした。罪の赦しのためのいけにえを捧げた後、身を聖め正装して主の御前にひれ伏すこの光景はまさに、モーセの掟で定められ、「御名の栄光を主にささげよ。ささげ物を携えて、御前に行け。聖なる飾り物を着けて、主にひれ伏せ」(歴代誌第一16:29)と、詩篇のダビデの賛歌の中でも歌われている伝統的な礼拝形式です。このようにして礼拝の儀式を終えた祭司は本堂から出て、外庭に集まっていた人々に、金の祭壇で自ら主から受けた満たし(油注ぎ)を分かちます。このとき祭司が引用する聖句は「主があなたを祝福し、あなたを守られますように。主が御顔をあなたに照らし、あなたを恵まれますように。主が御顔をあなたに向け、あなたに平安を与えられますように」(民数記6:24-26)に代表される民への祝福のメッセージでした。祭司は一日に二度、朝と夕、この祭儀の全行程を繰り返すことが定められていたのです。

これら旧約の掟に基づくヘブル人の儀式は、新約の掟に生きるキリスト者にどのように応用することができるのでしょうか。旧約の儀式が意味していることを新約の時代に反映させることができれば、神の御旨に従った礼拝ができるに違いありません。言うまでもなく、冒頭に引用した聖句に明記されているように、このような儀式、礼拝形式を踏むことは、キリストの十字架上での死による人類の罪の贖い、永遠の生命への救いの代わりになるものではありませんが、旧約時代、神がこのような儀式を踏まなければ罪は赦されないと定められたということは、罪の赦しには神の定められた方法を通らなければならないことがさし示されていることを物語っています。これらの旧約の儀式には、神が要求される基本的原則が反映されているに違いないのです。

信徒はまず、神をほめたたえ祝福に与りたいと心を開いて神の御前に出ます。次に、何度も身を聖める旧約の儀式に語られていることは、聖くなければ神の御前に近づくことはできないということです。神はイスラエルの民に「わたしはあなたがたの神、主……あなたがたは自分の身を聖別し、聖なる者となりなさい。わたしが聖であるから……」(レビ記11:44-45)と命じられましたが、ペテロはこの御言葉を引用して、ですから、あなたがたは、心を引き締め、身を慎み、イエス・キリストの現れのときあなたがたにもたらされる恵みを、ひたすら待ち望みなさい。従順な子どもとなり、以前あなたがたが無知であったときのさまざまな欲望に従わず、あなたがたを召してくださった聖なる方にならって、あなたがた自身も、あらゆる行いにおいて聖なるものとされなさい。それは、『わたしが聖であるから、あなたがたも、聖でなければならない』と書いてあるからです」(ペテロ第一1:13-16)と教えましたが、これは神を礼拝する者に要求される基本原則です。またキリストは一粒の麦が地に落ちて死ぬことによって豊かな実を結ぶたとえを通して、ご自分の死が多くの者に永遠の生命をもたらすことになることを教えられましたが、そのとき、キリストご自身にならって自分の生命を捨てる覚悟で仕えることがキリストに従う者の姿勢であり、父に受け入れられると語られました。パウロの言葉を借りるなら、神に生かされるため自己に死に「香ばしい香り…神が喜んで受けてくださる供え物」(ピリピ4:18)として全身全霊を捧げる、へりくだりの姿勢です。最後に、祭司が人々に分かつために神の満たし、祝福を受けたように、主から受ける祝福は自分のために蓄えるものではなく、人に分け与えるためのものであるということです。さらに、礼拝が日々の儀式であったということは、朝夕、毎日、神との関係に生きることが要求されているということです。

礼拝とは、週に一度形式的に守る儀式ではなく、キリストの本質を自らの内に形作るために必須な神との正しい関係に日々生きることで、キリストは新約時代に守られるべき礼拝形式を、サマリヤの女へのメッセージの中で、場所、形式とは無縁な「霊とまことによって父を礼拝する」ことであると教えられたのでした(ヨハネ4:21-24)。このように、掟を守り、大祭司よる儀式を通して年ごとに罪が赦された旧約時代と違い、イエス・キリストによる贖いを信じる信仰によって永遠の生命にあずかる道が開かれた新約時代においても、神が人に要求される信仰姿勢は旧約時代と何ら変わらないのです。心身ともに自らを聖く保つことと神の御旨への従順は、礼拝(人と神との日々の関係)が受け入れられるためにキリスト者に要求される原則なのです。

#217:WHAT A 'DEATH TEST' BRINGS

WHAT A ‘DEATH TEST’ BRINGS

A prophecy against the Valley of Vision:
What troubles you now, that you have all gone up on the roofs, 2 you town so full of commotion, you city of tumult and revelry? Your slain were not killed by the sword, nor did they die in battle. 3 All your leaders have fled together; they have been captured without using the bow. All you who were caught were taken prisoner together, having fled while the enemy was still far away. 4 Therefore I said, ‘Turn away from me; let me weep bitterly. Do not try to console me over the destruction of my people.’
5 The Lord, the LORD Almighty, has a day of tumult and trampling and terror in the Valley of Vision,
a day of battering down walls and of crying out to the mountains. 6 Elam takes up the quiver, with her charioteers and horses; Kir uncovers the shield. 7 Your choicest valleys are full of chariots, and horsemen are posted at the city gates. 8 The Lord stripped away the defences of Judah, and you looked in that day to the weapons in the Palace of the Forest. 9 You saw that the walls of the City of David were broken through in many places; you stored up water in the Lower Pool. 10 You counted the buildings in Jerusalem and tore down houses to strengthen the wall. 11 You built a reservoir between the two walls for the water of the Old Pool, but you did not look to the One who made it,
or have regard for the One who planned it long ago.
12 The Lord, the LORD Almighty, called you on that day to weep and to wail, to tear out your hair and put on sackcloth. 13 But see, there is joy and revelry, slaughtering of cattle and killing of sheep, eating of meat and drinking of wine! ‘Let us eat and drink,’ you say, ‘for tomorrow we die!’ 14 The LORD Almighty has revealed this in my hearing: ‘Till your dying day this sin will not be atoned for,’ says the Lord, the LORD Almighty.  

ISAIAH22:1-13.
 
The Sunday Times published an article titled: “Laser Test to Tell Us When We Will Die” on 11th August this year.
 
It reads that scientists have developed a ‘death test’ that can tell how many years people have left on the planet. By measuring the oscillations within the capillaries, scientists claim they can calculate the length of time before someone dies. The test is pioneered by physics professors from Lancaster University, Aneta Stefanovska and Peter McClintock. Also, in another study, a revolutionary new blood test is reported to be able to tell you how long you will live, and how quickly you will age, thanks to a chemical “fingerprint” in the blood.
 
These studies are expected to lead to the development of powerful new treatments for age-related conditions such as bone problems and heart disease. The following article explores some possible outcomes if this death prediction becomes a reality in this godless sinful world.
 
Scientists have designed a possibly disturbing, non-invasive test which can give an indication of how long a person has to live. The test is the first of its kind in the world. The test, which has been called the “death test,” consists of a painless laser pulse applied to the surface of the skin through a wristwatch-style device. This measures how a person’s body will decline with age by analyzing endothelial cells. (The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels.)
According to the Sunday Times, by measuring the movement inside the cells, the scientists say they can calculate the length of time before death and also test for diseases including cancer and dementia. The result is graded from 0 for death to 100 for optimum functioning. Scientists believe that the predictions will become more accurate as more data is added.
This test can open the door to some very troublesome possibilities. How does one react if they went to a doctor and were told the results of the test showed they had a short time to live? This has already happened with increasing frequency as medical technology advances. Some people write “bucket lists” and abandon their families, while others would cherish every moment and spend time with the important people in their life and with God.
Man, with his sin nature, may fall prey to darker urges and do things they wouldn’t normally do. Who knows what one would do if they knew their time on earth was short? A bigger concern is what others would do with that information.
Currently, there is no law regarding the use of this test, so a company could use it as part of a pre-employment exam. What if the results of the tests showed that there was a good chance that you would die within ten years’ time? The employer may decide it is not worth employing the person because they wouldn’t get much value out of the employee. Insurance companies could deny people a life insurance policy or provide one with an expiration date, based on the results of a test.
Governments may also find ways of misusing the tests. Countries with socialized medicine may decide that a course of medical treatment for chronic illnesses may not fit a cost-benefit measure if the projected life span is only five years. Some governments may also decide that a person will not be allowed to attend college because their net contribution to society will not cover the education expense.
Although 1 Corinthians 15:26 states that death is an enemy, Paul thought of death as necessary in order that believers may receive immortal, incorruptible bodies (1Co.15:50–57). This is a guarantee that requires no test to verify.

Prophet Isaiah illustrated how the decadence of man’s nature could be exposed when one is faced with a “death sentence” in the passage of prediction of the final Babylonian siege of Jerusalem in 588-586 BCE, or possibly the Assyrian siege in 701 BCE as quoted at the beginning.
According to 2Chronicles 32:3-5 and verse 30, Hezekiah, king of Judah blocked off all the springs and the streams that flowed through the land, including the upper outlet of the Gihon spring, and he channelled the water down to the west side of the City of David as preparation for the invasions by Sennacherib. He also repaired all the broken section of the wall, built towers on it, and then built another wall outside that one and reinforced the supporting terraces of the city.

According to 2Kings 18:15-16, Hezekiah also gave all the silver and some gold from the Jerusalem Temple and the treasuries of the royal palace, by stripping off their doors and doorposts, in response to demands by Sennacherib king of Assyria and in an effort to avert the Assyrian’s siege of Jerusalem. All such efforts by Hezekiah were in vain, and in 701 BCE, the kingdom of Judah faced the Assyrian invasion. However, when Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah, prayed in earnest, it was God that miraculously intervened into the situation and saved Jerusalem and Judah.
 
In the passages quoted at the beginning Isaiah depicts man’s corrupted, self-abandonment nature when one encounters a situation of hopelessness and despair: ‘“Let us eat and drink,” you say, “for tomorrow we die!”’. This is the appalling reality of godless man. How vulnerable man is, if he/she does not know the presence of God and only believe that this world alone is his/her purpose to live on. In the context of the prophecy against ‘the Valley of Vision’, i.e., God’s city Jerusalem, God says that it is because of His people’s sinful ignorance and lack of recognition of Him who as the sovereign designer of all creation and history, that such a terrible day of terror has to come to God’s city Jerusalem and His people. When such a day came, they could not help but helplessly utter a cry of abandonment.
 
Paul quoted this verse of Isaiah and used it as a fitting philosophy of godless life, in that he argues that if there is no resurrection after life, he will find no reason to fight against his enemies in Ephesus: ‘And as for us, why do we endanger ourselves every hour? I face death every day – yes, just as surely as I boast about you in Christ Jesus our Lord. If I fought wild beasts in Ephesus with no more than human hopes, what have I gained? If the dead are not raised, ‘Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.’’ (1Co.15: 30-32). Thus, Paul taught on the tangible hope of eternal life after death.

In the Old Testament time even godly people had a limited view of death as Hezekiah’s prayer revealed: ‘I said, “In the prime of my life must I go through the gates of death and be robbed of the rest of my years?” I said, “I will not again see the LORD himself in the land of the living; no longer will I look on my fellow man, or be with those who now dwell in this world. Like a shepherd’s tent my house has been pulled down and taken from me. Like a weaver I have rolled up my life, and he has cut me off from the loom; day and night you made an end of me. I waited patiently till dawn, but like a lion he broke all my bones; day and night you made an end of me. I cried like a swift or thrush……I will walk humbly all my years because of this anguish of my soul. Lord, by such things people live; and my spirit finds life in them too. You restored me to health and let me live. Surely it was for my benefit that I suffered such anguish. In your love you kept me from the pit of destruction; you have put all my sins behind your back……The living, the living – they praise you, as I am doing today; parents tell their children about your faithfulness. The LORD will save me, and we will sing with stringed instruments all the days of our lives in the temple of the LORD’ (Isaiah 38: 10- 20).

However, in the New Testament time, Jesus Christ brought eternal life to those who believe in His salvation through the cross, in which the believers have finally been freed from bondage of sin and death. After death, being even without physical body, believers still remain conscious in spirit and soul with the Lord until the time of His Second Coming when all of them will be given a resurrection body to live eternally.

By the appearing of Christ as an incarnated God on earth, a new light has been shed on a limited concept of death in the Old Testament time, as written ‘He has saved us and called us to a holy life – not because of anything we have done but because of his own purpose and grace. This grace was given us in Christ Jesus before the beginning of time, but it has now been revealed through the appearing of our Saviour, Christ Jesus, who has destroyed death and has brought life and immortality to light through the gospel’ (2 Tim.1:9-10), and ‘Since the children have flesh and blood, he too shared in their humanity so that by his death he might break the power of him who holds the power of death – that is, the devil – and free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death’ (Heb.2:14-15).

If only we acknowledge and believe in God’s promise of eternal life, we will not be threatened, try to escape from reality, or fall into self-abandonment, by the knowledge of how short we may have left on earth. Whether or not we believe in God makes our perspective against ‘death test’ completely different. We have already entered an unpredictable age where many unprecedented things are happening all over the world.

Paul taught on how life will be in the end times, suggesting that the way of this world would drastically change and that for believers in the Lord, life would get harder and harder. There has already been a huge shift in values in this world, with widening of the gap between standards of this world and teaching of the Bible. This is set to worsen as we approach the end and there will be widespread persecution of Christians: ‘But those who marry will face many troubles in this life, and I want to spare you this. What I mean, brothers and sisters, is that the time is short. From now on those who have wives should live as if they do not; those who mourn, as if they did not; those who are happy, as if they were not; those who buy something, as if it were not theirs to keep; those who use the things of the world, as if not engrossed in them. For this world in its present form is passing away’ (1Co.7:28b-31).

One of the recent most uncontrollable serious incidents worldwide would be the continuing leaks of contaminated cooling water at the Japanese nuclear power plant in Fukushima. The Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant was crippled by the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of 11th March, 2011. Water which contained extremely high concentrations of radioactivity leaked into the ocean the following April and May, and the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) was prompted to install silt fences. The concentrations are believed to have been diluted as the contaminated water spread, although radioactive materials have since accumulated at the bottom of the sea. Radioactive cesium detected in fish samples is understood to be derived out of the accumulation.
 
Despite continual investigation of the leak, TEPCO so far seems to be unable to cope with the operation, which has seen hundreds of tons of radioactive water escape into the Pacific Ocean. On 7th September at the International Olympic Committee in Buenos Aires, Argentina, before its final decision of Tokyo as host of the 2020 Olympic Games, Japanese Prime Minister Shhinzo Abe assured the IOC that the problematic situation of radioactive water was under control. However, doubts have been cast over his assurance, in which he also convincingly remarked that radioactive water has completely been blocked within a certain area in the harbor of the Fukushima No.1 plant.

Nevertheless, according to the operator of the plant and local fishermen who were barred from going to sea since the accident, the fact of the situation appears beyond both logical and empirical knowledge and estimate, despite efforts and good-will on human side. In a nut shell, it appears to be utterly beyond human control and it seems that God is stripping Japan of its self-reliance layer by layer until He is accepted within this nation and her sin will be atoned for, exactly as He would do with His own people, Israel in the end times.
The time which the Bible prophesied has already come when all the nations should spiritually wake up, acknowledge and believe in the only living God because our Saviour, Christ’s Second Coming is very nigh.

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This month, a money gift of £**** has been sent to Frederic in Burundi to support the whole cost of registration and transportation for the dump-truck which is soon to arrive at the end of this month, and also for his travelling expenses to Dar-Es-Salaam in Tanzania.
Please remember him in your prayers so that he can use it for his and his flock’s livelihood, for his country Burundi’s restoration projects and the Lord’s service effectively.